Description

Citrus juice cells after incubation for 12 h in a buffered solution containing 250 mM sucrose and two membrane impermeable dyes (Alexa-488 at 100 µM and 3,000 mw Dextran-Texas Red at 1 mg . mL -1 ). These fluorescent soluble probes vary considerably in molecular size and charge. Protoplasts were prepared following incubation, and the juice cells observed under fluorescent Nomarski microscopy with appropriate filters (Leica TCS SL). B, C, and D show the same cell under appropriate filters for Alexa-488, Texas-Red, and both Alexa-488 plus Texas-Red, respectively.

Confocal fluorescence microscopy analysis of the endocytic probe lucifer yellow-CH (LY) distribution in protoplasts isolated from sycamore cells cultured with both 50 mM sucrose and 1 mM LY during (A) 24 h, (C) 1 h and (E) 3 h incubation. The corresponding light micrographs are B, D and F, respectively.

Electron micrograph of sycamore protoplasts showing numerous 40 nm polystyrene nano-spheres inside the vacuole.  Protoplasts were prepared from sycamore-cultured cells and incubated in a solution containing 50 mM sucrose and 4 x 10 14 polystyrene nano-spheres for 12 h.

High definition confocal micrographs of sycamore cells after incubation in a solution containing 10 14 CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for 2 h.  A represents the  confocal fluorescent image, whereas B is the corresponding image taken under Nomarski light microscopy.

High definition confocal microscopy of cytoplasts incubated for 2 h in 5.6 mM 2-NBDG (fluorescent deoxy-glucose) and 1.0 mg mL -1 d-TR (fluorescent dextran; mw 3,000). Cytoplasts were observed under filters for: (A) fluorescin, (B) Texas -red, and (C) combined fluorescin/Texas -red filter. (D) Cytoplasts pre-incubated 30 min in 33 m M of the endocytic inhibitor wortmannin-A prior addition of 5.6 mM 2-NBDG and 1.0 mg mL -1 d-TR for 2 h, and observed under combined fluorescin/Texas -red filter.

Nomarski combined confocal fluorescent micrograph of panel D of Figure 5. 

Tomographic view of a section of the plasmalemma of a citrus juice cell during endocytic vesicle formation.  See the vesicles forming and budding from the internal face of the plasmalemma.

Confocal fluorescent micrograph of a pin-hole depression on tomato epidermis stained for cutin at time 0 and after 4 d in storage at 21 °C and 95% RH. The increase in cutin, represented by green fluorescence, is evident in and around the depression.

Dark-field exposure of tomato epidermis before and after laser etching.

• A. Undisturbed epidermis section.
• B. Pin-hole depression soon after etching.
• C. Pin-hole depression after 4 d in storage at 21 °C and 95% RH.